Electrically-controlled apparatus.



G. LEONARD. l ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED APPARATUS.

I APPLICATIOH FILED JAN.29. 1911- 1,29,6,976.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

G. I. LEONARD.

ELECTRICALLY CONTBOLLD APARATUS. APrucArxoN man 1AN.29.1911.

Patented Mar.A 11,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ffy@

. G. l. LEONARD.

ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED APPARATUS. APPLICATION' msu 1m29. 1911.

Patented Mar. V11, V1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@Wenz-57T' UNITED STAMENT OFFICE. q

GEORGE I. LEONARD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOISpASSIGNOR T O LEONARD PUMP ANDMOTOR CO., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

ELECTRICALLY-CONTROLLED APPARATUS.

Specification ofvLetters Patent.

Patented nal. 1 1, 191.9.

Application filed January 29, 1917. Serial No. 145,111.

Vmostatic means, to perform the refrigerating function, though certainfeatures of the invention may be used in other connections, itbeing myintention t0 claim all the features of my invention for all the uses towhich they may be placed.

Some of my objects, specifically stated, are to provide improvedelectrically-operated means whereby the minimum amount of current may beused to control the operation of vthe electrically-control]ed mechanismthrough the medium ot' which a power-element, as for example, a pumpwhich compresses the refrigerant, is operated. An-v other obj ect is toprovide for the automatic cutting out of the contact-making and breakingdevice, usually a thermostat, in the case of a refrigerating system,immediately following its operation, and the effective energization of'the mechanism controlled thereby after Said device is cutout bysupplying the latter with the current sufiicient to enpositively andeffectively to automatically regulate the supplying of refrigerant tothe coil, or chamber, to be cooled for maintaining the desiredtemperature therein; and other objects, as will be manifest from thefollowing description.

Referring to the accompanyingdrawlngs, Figure 1 is a plan View of aportion of a refrigerating system in which my invention is incorporated,certain portions ofthe mechthe line -l on Fig. 1 and viewed in thedirection of the arrow. Fig. 5 isa broken section ltaken at the line 5on Fig. 3, and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. this a sectiontaken at the line (l on Fig. 3 and viewed in the direction of thearrow.' Fig. 7 is a section taken at the line 7 yon Figfl and viewed inthe direction of the arrow. Fig. 8 is a section taken at the line 8 onFig'. l and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 9 is a plan viewof another portion of the refrigerating system. Fig. 10 is a View inelevation of' the structure shown in Fig.

. 9, this view showing the structure as viewed from the end 'thereot1lowermost in 'Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a section taken at the line 11 on Fig.9 and viewed in the direction of' the arrow. Fig. 12 is a section takenat the line 12 on Fig. 10 and viewed in the direction of the arrow: andFig. 13,' a. view', in the nature of' a diagram, showing the completerefrigerating system with the various electrical circuits and electricalapparatus by which the ope-ration of the pum-p for compressing therefrigerating medium., is automatically controlled.

l Referring first, to the refrigerating apparatus disclosed, and inconnection with which I have chosen to illustrate my invention, it maybe stated as a preface to the. following description that the systemshown is. of a type involving a refrigerating coil located in thechamber to be cooled or in the desired close proximity thereto, a.' pump-in communication with the discharge-end of the retrigerating coil andadapted to receive the refrigerant in gasified condition after it hasperformed its work in the refrigerating coil, and compress 'the same -toliquef'y it, the refrigerant so liquefied passing into an expansionvalvewhich opens into the. inletend of the refrigerating coil, the pump beingopera-ted by any suitable motive device, the operation of which iscontrolled electrically through the medium of a thermostat located,preferably, in the refrigerating chamber.

Referring to Fig. 13 the refrigerating 50 f to move alternately intoelectrical contact;

chamber above referred t-o, and which may be afchest, or the like, isrepresented at 20, and the refrigerating coil, localte-d therein, at 21.A pipe 22 leadsfiom the discharge end of the coil 21 vto thesuction-side of a pump 23 which may be of any desirable type, as, forexample, that involving intermeshing gears. thepulnp 23, which in thearrangement illustrated, is operated by an electricmotor 24, discharginginto a condenser-chamber 25 cooled by water passed from a pipe 26through a coil (not shown) in the chamber and discharged from this coilthrough a pipe 2T, thel water being supplied as hereinafter described,the condenserchamber being so constructed as to serve as a receptaclefor the liquefied refrigerant.

The outlet-end of the condenser-chamber 25 connects with a pipe 28provided with the usual expansion-valve 29 and communieating with theinlet-end of the coil 21, the arrangement of the parts just describedbe- -ing such in accordance with general praetice that when the pump 23is dri-ven the refrigerating medium` such as sulfur dioxid is sucked ingasitied condition from the coil 21, into the pump 23 from which itdischarges in compressed condition into the condenser 25 where itbecomes liquefied and is forced into and through the expansion valve 29into the coil 21, whel'e it expands and performs the refrigeratingfunction, the, compressed refrigerant continuing to discharge throughthe expansion valve 29 into the coil 21 until the pressure at oppositesides of the valve 29. is equal, this result occurring only during theperiods when the pump is idle under the control of theelectrically-operated mechanism hereinafter described.

As usual in refrigerating systems where the operation of the pump forthe refrigerant is controlled through the making and breaking ofelectrical contacts, a thermostatic device is provided, preferably, inthe refrigerating chamber 20, this device. shown diagrammatically, beingrepresented at 29 and involving a current-carrying member 30 soconstructed, in accordance with common practice, that its outer end iscaused with stationary contacts 31 and 32, under changes in temperature,of the surrounding atn'iosphere, the thermostat-in the particulararrangen'ient illustrated being so constructed and arranged as to engagewith the contact 32 when the temperature in the chamber 20 exceeds thedesired amount and to engage the contact 31 when the, tempera` turein'the chamber 20 becomes lowered Abeyond va predetermined amount.

In the particular system illustrated, which is designed for use withalternating current, the thermostat 29 serves to establish the desiredcircuits for controlling the operation of the motor 24 under variationsin temperature in the chamber 20, through the medium of theelectrically-operated devices of which the following is a description.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1 of thedrawings, 33 is a rock-shaftmounted in bearings 34 rising from a base 35 of insulating material,this shaft being equipped with an arm 36 provided at itsouter end with ablock 37 of insulating material carrying a metallic yoke-shaped member38 which is adapted, when the shaft 33 is in the positioncillustrated inFigs. l, 2 and 3, to be wedged in between a pair of uprightsprlngcontact fingers 39 and 40 secured, as by screws 41 and 42 to ablock 43 of insulating material secured to a plate 35aL of insulatingmaterial mounted on the base 35, the device just described constitutingthe switch for controlling the operation of the motor 24, as hereinafterdescribed. The shaft 33 is also provided with a crank-arm 44 formed oftwo sections 45 and 46, the section 45 being preferably of metal and thesection-L6 which is connected with the section 45, as b v a pin 47 to berigid therewith, being formed of insulating material. The lowerextremity of the crank-arm 44 is provided with a pin 48 with itsleft-hand end as viewed in Fig. 1, of general V-sliape in cross-section,as represented in Fig. 3, this end of the pin coperating with themovable member 49 of a switch-device, for actuating said member inopposite directions, for the purpose hereinafter explained. The

.movable member 49 is in the form of a yoke at which it has pivotalsupport on a pin 50 mounted in a pair of spaced brackets 51 and 51asecured to, and rising from, the plate 35, said yoke-member beingprovided with the contact arms 52, 53, 54 and 55, the arms and 53 beingin alinernent, and the arms 5 4 and 55 in alinemen't as represented inFig. l, and the members forming each pair of the arms thus provided,extending at an angle to each other, as represented in Fig. 3.

these contacts being' formed of a pair of spring-fingers, as representedof the contacts 56and 59 in Fig. 6.' The contacts 56,

5T, 58 and 59 are so arranged, relative toA contacts 58 and 57 lwhen themovable mem-` ber 49 is in its other position, these stationary contactsbeing so constructed and ar- The plate -35El is provided with fourswitch-contacts 56, 57, 58 and 59, each of ranged as shownas to permitthe arms or blades of the movable member 49`to enter between them anddisengage therefrom in the shifting of the member 49.

The wings 52 and 53 have shouldered portions 60 and 61, respectively,Iwhich extend alternately into the path of movement of the pin 48 whenit is oscillated by thelrocking of the shaft 33. The pin 48 operates toinitially move the member 49, the movement of the latter beingcompleted, to make` the electrical contacts above stated, by the actionof a spring 62 connected at its upper end with a pin 63 verticallyadjustable in an apertured portion 64 of the bracket 52 and heldin'adjusted position by a set-screw 65, the lower end of this springengaging a notch 66in the upturned portion `67 at one end of the member49, this notch being so positioned that it is in line with the pin 50,whereby under the downward pressure exerted by the spring 62, as soon asthe member 49 has been rocked a slight distance beyond central ositionin either direction the spring forcibly completes the swinging movementof the member, moving its arms into electrical engagement with the arms55 and 56 or 54 and 57, as the case may be, stops 68 and 69 arrangedbelow the arms 52 and 53' operating to limit the turning movement of themember 49 in both directions. The shaft 33 is oscillated, in theparticular construction illustrated, to move the arm 37 into and out ofengagement with the contacts 39 and 40 to make and break the circuitthrough the motor 24, and tomove the switch device formed of the arms52, 53, 54 and 55 into and out of engagement with the coperatingcontact-members 56 to 59, inclusive, respectively, as hereinbeforedescribed to electrically connect together, alternately, the contacts atopposite sides of this switch device, by means of solenoid mechanismcomprising a pairof coils 70 and 71 secured to the base 35 at oppositesides of the shaft 33,; and cores 72 and 73 vertically reciprocable inthe coils, respectively, and pivotally connectedl at their upper ends,through the medium of links 74, with arms 75 secured to and extendinglaterally from the shaft 33, to which arms the links 74 are pivotallyconnected, the arrangement being such that when the coils 70 and 71 arealternately energized the shaft 33 will 'be oscillated. d

Mounted on a base 76 of insulating material, is a pair ofvertically-disposed'solenoid devices 77 and 78, each of these solenoiddevices comprising a yoke-member 79 of magnetic material secured to thebase 7 6, as through the mediuml of a AStrap 80; a pair of coils 81 and82 arranged in spaced relation and encircling the arms 79a of the yokes79, respectively, the coils 81 being so constructed as to presentrelatively greater resistance to the passage of electrical currenttherethrough, than the coils 82; and armatures 83 and 84 coperating withthe cores 79n of the respective solenoid devices77 and 78. The armatures83 and 84 are mounted on arms 85 and 86, respectively, of non-magneticmaterial, pivotally supported at their adjacent ends on ahorizontally-extending pin 87a carried by the base 76, the constructionand arrangement of. these parts being such that the armatures and thearms carrying them are free to rock independently of each other on thepivot 87 and under the action of gravity normally occupy the positionillustrated in Fig. 9, in which position they bear against adjustablestop-devices 87 and 88, respectively, carried by the base 7 6, the arms85 and 86, carrying contact-members 89 and 90, respectively, lhavinglugs91 and 92 of insulating material. The contactmembers 89 and 90coperate with sets of contacts, arranged at opposite sides of the coresjust described, and involving a contact-member 93 rising from the base76, a contact-member 94 of springy material secured to the base throughthe medium of a screw 95 and normally engaging the contact 93 asrepresented in Fig. 9, a contact 96 secured to the base by the screw 95and electrically connected with the contact 94, and

contacts 97, 98 and 99 of the same construction and arrangement asdescribed of the contacts 93, 94 and 96, respectively, the contacts 98and 99 being secured to the base 76 and in. electrical contact with eachother by means of a screw 100. The lugs'91 and 92 are so related to thecontact devices just described that when the armatures connectedtherewith are drawn upwardly by energizing the solenoids 7 7 and 78these lugs will move the contacts 94 and 98 out of engagement with thecontacts 93 and 97, respectively, and the arms 89 and 90 will move intoelectrical contact with the contacts 96 and 99, respectively,

According to the preferred illustrated embodiment of my invention thecontrol mechanis'm for the motor 24 also involves the provision of acontact-member 101 secured to the plate 35a and having extremities 102and 103, a stationary contact 104 secured to the plate 35, and movablecontacts 105, 106 and 107 adapted to coperate with the extremities 102and 103 "of the contact 101 and with.

right in Fig. 1. The mechanism just described is provided for thepurpose of effecting the breaking of the circuit through the motor 24,in the event that the motor is running, or prevent-ing the establishmentof the circuit through the` motor, should for any reason the watersupply to the condenser-chamber be discontinued or so reduced as torender the. continued operation of the appara-tus undesirable. -To thisend` the right-hand end of the cylinder 113 in Fig. 1 is connected witha pipe 115 which opens into a pipe 116 leading from the source of watersupply (not shown). for supplying water to the condenser-chamber 25through the pipe 26. So long as. pressure continues in rthe pipe 116 theresistance of the spring 114 is overcome and the piston with the partscarried thereby is maintained in the position illustrated in Fig. 1wherein contact 105 engages the contact-extremity 102 and the contact107 engages the contact 104. At this stage of the description of theapparatus shown, it may be stated that theA pipe 26 opens into avalve-casing 117, shown as secured to the base 35, this, casingcontaining a. rotatable valve 118 connected at its stem 119 wit-h theshaft 33 through a coupler 120 and serving, through a p ort- 121therein, to control communication-of the pipe 26 with apipe 122connecting with the pipe 116. The parts described are so arranged thatwhen the-shaft 33 is in a )osition wherein the motor-switchformed o t-hecontacts and 40 is closed, the valve 118 will be open, thus establishingcommunication between the pipe 116V and the pipe 26, whereby water forthe purpose of producino condensation of the gaseous refrigerantdischarged into the chamber-25 by the operation of the pump in thechamber 23, will be caused to flow through the coil in the chamber 25and discharge through the pipe 27, while the motor 24 is operating, therocking of the shaft 33 to a position in-which the motor-switch referredto is opened, moving the valve 118 to closed position.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 13 the circuit Connections in theparticular construction illustrated, are as follows: The main line wiresleading from a source (not shown) of alternating current, arerepresented at 123 and 124, the-wire 123 being in electrical contactwith the arms 85 and 86 and also in electrical contact with the member30 through the medium Aof a wire 125. The' wire 124 connects with one ofthe terminals of thel coil 70, the other terminal of which connects by awire 126 with the stationary Contact 57, the wire 124 being connectedwith a wire 127 which connects with one of theterminals of the coil 71,the other terminal of this coil being connected with the contact 56through the medium of a wire 128. A wire 129 connects with thestationary contact 31 of the thermostat and with one of the terminals ofthe high resista-nce coil 81 ofthe solenoid 77, the other terminal ofthis coil connecting by a wire 130, with the contact 93. A wire 131connects the contact 32 of the thermostat with one of the terminals ofthe high resistance coil 81 of the solenoid 78, the other terminal ofthis coil being connected by a wire 132 with the stationary contact 97.One terminal of the low resistance coil 82 of the solenoid 77 connectsby a wire 133 with the contacts 94 and 96, the other terminal of thiscoil being connected b-yal wire 134 with the contact 105 on the rod 111.Y One of the terminals of the low resistance coil 82 of the solenoid 78connects and 96 and at its opposite end with the contact 93, and thewire 142 being connected at one end with the contacts 98 and 99 and atits opposite end with the contact 97, for the purpose of prevent-ingundue sparking at the contacts controlled by the armatures 83 and 84.Themotor circuit comprises the main line Wires 143 and 144 which leadfrom any suitable source of current supply (not shown), the wire 143being connected with the contact 39 and the wire 144 with the terminal145 of the motor 24, and a wire 1464 connects with the other terminal147 of the motor and with the contact 37.

1n the diagram abovel referred to the parts of the structure are in theposition they assume when the movable member 30 of the thermostat is inelectrical Contact with the contact 32, produced by the rise oftemperature in the chamber 20 above that desired to be maintained-in'this chamber, and after the motor 24 has been set into operationforcompressing the refrigerant preparatory to its introduction into thecoil 21 produced by the circulation of the refrigerant in the system,brought about by the opera-tion of the pump. According to thiscondition, the

lmotor-switch, including the members 37 and los tively, in engagementwith `each other, owing to the pressure of the Water in the chamber 113,and the water is flowing through the pipe 116, pipe 26 andcondenser-chanlber 25 and out. through the lpipe 27 to cool the gasdischarged into thls chamber under the action of the pump operated bythe motor 24 which is running. The operation of the pump as statedproduces the circulation of the refrigerant in the system shown, thedischarge of the liquid-refrigerant into the coil 21 beingeffected-through the expansion-valve 29. and this' operation of the.pump continues until the, temperature in the chamber 20 drops to such adegree therein as to cause the movable member 30 of the thermostat tomove out of electrical conta-ct with the contact 32 and into engagementwith the contact 31. As soon as the lastrcferred-to action has takenplace the motor 24 is caused to stop and the supply of water to thecondenser-chamber 25 is arrested. by establishing the followingcircuits:

From the wire 123 to wire 125. movable contact 30` contact 31, wire129.'coil 81 of solenoid 77, wire 130, contact 93. contact 94, wire 133.low resistance coil 82 of the solcnoid, wire 134, contact. 105, contact101. wire 138. contact thence through the movable switch-member of whichthe arms to inclusive, are parts. to contact 56, wire 128, lcoil 71.wire 127, and back `through wire 124.

The effect of thus energizing the solenoid 77 isto raise the arm 85 tobreak electrical contact between the cont-acts 93 and 94 and establishelectrical connection between the contacts 89 and 96, for a purposehereinafter described, in the particular arrangement illustrated thecircuit 'breaking at 93 and 94 before a circuit is established at 89 and96. It may here be stated tha-t while the current which is thus causedto traverse the coils 81 and 82 also traverses the coil 71, the coils 81and 82 are so wound as to produce a combined resistance sufficient toprevent the coil 71 from'being energized to the required extent forrocking the. shaft 33 from "the position shown in Fig. 1, wherein themotor-switch is closed, to a4 position in which the motor-switch isopen, though the resistance afforded by the coils 81 and 82 is notsuicent to prevent the operation of the armature 83, as stated. In themovement of thearmature 83 as aboi'e stated. by

reason of the disengagement of the contactsA 93 and 94, the circuit 'inwhich the high resistance coil 81 of the `'solenoid 77 and the contact31. are interposed, is broken, 4and by reason of the movement of thecontacts 89 and 96 into engagement with each other a circuit in whichthe low-resistance coil 82 is interposed, is established las follows:From wire 123 through arm 85, contact. 89,

contact 96y wire 133, coil 82 f solenoid 77, wire 134, contact 105,contact 101, wire 138, contact 59, across to contact 56, wire 128,. coil71, wire 127 and back lthrough'wire 124. The current thus continues totra-versc the coil .71, an-d by cutting out the coil 81 of solenoid 77resistance in the circuit in which the. coil 71 is interposed is soreduced (the coil 82 being wound to effect this result), as-to permitsuiilcient current to traverse the coil 'il to actuate the shaft 33.ctuationl of this shaft, as stated, operates to open, the switch for themotor 24 by swinging the member 37 out of engagementl with the contacts39 and 40 and si- 1nultaneousl \v therewith breaks the circuit betweenthe contacts 59 and 56 and electricall)Y connects together the contacts57 and 58. the actuation of the shaft 33, as stated, also turningthevalve 118 to a position in which the supply of water to thecondensing chamber 25 is arrested. Inasmuch as the energization of thesolenoid 77 is dependent on the contacts 59 and 56 being` electricallyconnected together, the actuation of the shaft. as stated. automaticallybreaks the circuit through the solenoid coil 82 and thus' the armature83 drops to normal position (Fig, 13). whereupon the contacts 89 and 96disengage and the contacts93 and 94 move into electrical contact witheach other.4

The parts of the. apparatus remain in the positions just described untilthe temperature in the chest 20 rises to such adegree' that lthe movablemember 30 of the thermostat shifts into engagement with'the contact 32`whereupon the solenoid 78 is energized `through the medium of the -twocoils 81 and 82 thereof to raisethe armature 84 which automatically cutsout the coil 81 and the thermostat, whereupon the current which thentraverses the coil 70. rocks the sha-ft 33 to a position in which themotor-switch is closed and electrical contact is again establishedbetween the contacts 56 and 59, the circuits established in thisoperation being as follows:

From wire 123 to 125, contacts 30 and 32, wire. 131,'through coil 81 ofsolenoid 78, wire 132, contacts 97, 98, wire 135, coil 82 of thissolenoid, wire 136, contact 107, contact 104. wire 137, contact 58thenceacross to contact 57, wire 126, coil and back through wire 124.

'hen the armature 84 rises under the action of the solenoid 78 it breakselectrical contact between the members 97 and 98, thus cutting out thecoil 81 and the thermostat and makes electlrical connection* between thecontacts 90 and 99, the current the shaft 33 is in a stopped, andlikewise the supplyv of waterturned on or shut off, respectively, tocontrol the temperature in the chest 20. Furthermore, the only currentthat. flows through the thermostat is that which traverses both of thecoils oithe solenoid 77 or 78, as the case may be, and as the amount ofcurrent required to energize these solenoids sulficiently to draw theirarmatures to a position in which the contacts controlled thereby areoperated, as hereinbefore described, is rela-.

tively slight, the combined resistance ofl these coils may be relativelyhigh and thereby 'minimize danger to the contacts 31 and 32 from theheating or corroding of the Same and from adhesion of the movable member30 thereto, which sometimes occurs in the use of thermostats whererelatively high currents traverse these contacts.

Furthermore, inasmuch as the operation.

of the respective solenoids and 71 for opening and closing themotor-switch, s1

\ multaneously breaks the circuit through the one of said solenoidswhich is operating, the traverse of the current from the Wires123 and124 is momentary only, thus minimizing the amount of current required toop-v erate the apparatus.

The contact mechanism, portions of which are carried b y the rod 111, ashereinbefore stated, serves to a'ord means which operate automatically,should the supply of Water to the pipe 116 cease or become so reduced inpressure as not to be available for use, to prevent theactuation of thesolenoid 70 for closing the motor circuit, should the shaft 33 be in aposition in which the motorswitch is open, or actuate the solenoidmechanism 71 to open the motor-switch, when position in which thisswitch is closed, the circuits by means of which this operation isaccomplished being as follows:

Assuming the apparatus to be in theposition illustrated in Fig. 13, inwhich the motor 24 is running, the movement of the rod 111 to the rightin this ligure Will cause the contact 106 to engage the contact 101 atthe extension 103, disengaging the contact 104 from the Contact 107 andthe contact 105 from the contact 102, the current then passingthroughvwire `123, Wire 125, through concoil 81 and causing a current totraverse the coil 71, of suclrintenslty as to actuate the latter androck the shaft 33 to a positio-n in which the motor-switch is opened,whereupon the contacts 57 and 58 become bridged vacross by the movablecontact-member cooperating therewith. Should the water supply fail whenthe motor-switch is open and the temperature 'in Athe chest 20 rises toa degree which cause-s the. chamber 30 to engage the contact 432, nocurrent can traverse the coil 70 to move the motor-switch to closedcondition, as the circuit between the contacts 104 and 107 is broken.There is thus provided automatically operating means which positivelyoperate to prevent the operation of the pump when the supply ofcondensing medium to the apparatus is discontinued or reduced beyond theneeessary requirements and thereby dangers which would result. from theoperation of' the apparatus with an insufficient supply of condensingmedium, are avoided.

It is desirable that the coils 81 and 82 of 9 solenoids 77 and 78 be sowound that the current traverses them in the same direction, asdistinguished from traveling through one of these coils in one directionand the other of the coils in :mother direction, in Aorder that thecurrent supplied to these coils produce the maximum magnetic effects.

Where the apparatus is to be actuated by direct current, the apparatusinvolving the solenoids 77 and 78 would be dispensed with, and thecontact 31 would be directly connected with the wire 134 and the contact32 directly with the Wire 136, under which conditions the engagement ofthe movable contact-member 30 with the contact 31 would -energize thecoil 71, to move the shaft 33 to a position in which the motor-switch isopened,-without first effecting the. circuitchanging operation, asexplained of the construction shown in Fig. 13, and when, the movablecontact 30 engages the contact 32 the coil 70 Will be directly energizedto close the motor-switch Without the preliminary circuit-controllingoperation required in the case of the arrangementl shown in Fig. 13.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination -of an electrical circuit, a.circuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, a relay-operatedswitch device in said circuit, an electrically-controlled element insaid circuit, a second circuit in.l which said element and a part onlyof the resistance in said first-named circuit are interposed, meansactuated yby the energzation of said switch device to break saidfirstnamed circuit and cut out said circuit-making-and-breaking deviceand a portion of the resistance in said laSt-referred-to circuit, saidelectrically controlled element being constructed and arranged to benon-operative by the current traversing said rstnamed circuit with thefull resistance interposed therein and be operative when the saidportion of the resistance is cut out, anld means operated by theVactuation of said electrically-controlled element for breaking saidsecond-named circuit.

2. The combination of an electrical circuit, acircuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, a solenoid deviceformed of resistance elements both of which are normally in said circuitwhen the latter is closed by said first-named device. anelectrically-controlled element in said circuit, a second circuit inwhich said last-named element and one of said resistance elements areinterposed, means actuated by the energization ofV said solenoid deviceto break said first-named circuit to cut out said firstnamed device andthe other of said resistance elements and close said second circuit toactuate said electrically-controlled element, and means actuated by saidelectrically-controlled element for breaking said second circuit.

3. The combination of an electrical circuit, acircuit-making-and-breaking device in said circuit, anelectrically-operated switch device in said circuit, anelectricallyoperated element in said circuit. a second circuit in whichsaid electrically-operated element and a part only of the resistance insaid first-named circuit is interposed,.means actuated by theenergization of said switch` device to break said first-named circuitand cut out said first-named device and close said second circuit, saidelectrically-operated element being constructed and arranged to benon-operative by the current traversing said first-named circuit withthe full resistance interposed therein and be operati-vc when the saidportion of the resistance iscut out, and means operated by the actuationof said electrically-operated element for breaking said second-namedcircuit.

4. The combination of an electrically-controlled member, a switch devicefor controlling` the actuation of said member, electrically-controlledmechanisms for opening.,Irv

and closing said switch device. electricallycontrolled switch-devices.an electrical circuit in which one of said electrically-controlledswitch-devices and one of said electrically-controlled mechanismscontrolling the position of said first-named switch device areinterposed, means for closing said circuit, a second circuit in whichsaidlast-referred-to electrically-controlled mechanism and a portlononly of the reslstance 1n said first-'named circuit, are interposed, athird circuit in which the other of said electrically-controlledswitch-devices and the other of said electrically-controlled mechanismscontrolling the position of said first-named switch-device, areinterposed, means for closingi said last-named circuit, a fourth circuitin which said last-referred-to electr-ically-controlled mechanismcontrolling said first-named switch device and a portion only of theresistance in said first circuit, are interposed, and means actuated bythe energization of said electrically controlled switch-devices,respectively, to break said first and third circuits, respectively," andclose said second and fourth circuits, re-V spectively. 5. Thecombination of an electrically-controlled member. a switch-device forcontrolling the actuation of said member, electrically-controlledmechanism for opening and closing said switch device,electrically-controlled switch devices,4 an electrical circuit in whichone o'f said electrically-controlled 'switch devices, and one of saidelectricallycontrolled mechanisms for controlling the position of saidirst-named switch are interposed, means for closing said circuit, asecond circuit in which the last-referre-d-to electrically-controlledmechanism and a ortion only of the resistance in said li)'st namedcircuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the other of saidelectricallycontrolled switch devices and the other of` saidelectrically-controlled mechanisms ,controlling the position of saidfirst-named switch device, are interposed, means for closing said thirdcircuit, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-toelectrically-controlled mechanism controlling said firstnalned switchdevice and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, areinterposed. means actuated by the energizati'on of saidelectrically-controlled switch devices,1'espectively, to break Saidfirst and third cir' cuits, respectively, and to close said second andfourth circuits, respectively, and means actuated by the energization ofsaid electrically-controlled mechanisms controllingthe position of saidfirst-named switch device, to break said second and fourth circuits,respectively. f^

6. The combination of an electrically-controlled member, a switch devicefor controlling the actuation of said member, electrically-controlledmechanisms forvopening and closing said switch device, anelectricallycontrolled switch device, an electrical circuit in which oneof said electrically-controlled switch devices and one of saidelectrically'.- controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidyfirst-named switch device, are interposed, means for closing saidcircuit, a second circuit in which the last-referred toelectrically-controlled mechanism and a porelectrically-controlledswitch devices, respecy tively, to break said first and third circuits,respectively, and to close said second and fourth circuits,respectively, and a circuitopenin'g-and-closing device adapted tocontrol all of said four circuits, said last-named device being actuatedalternately by said electrically-controlled mechanisms and operatingwhen one of the latter is actuated to break the circuit through thelatter and move to a position in which the circuit through which theother of said electricallycontrolled mechanism is operated, is closed atthis point preparatory to the closing of the last-referred-to circuit.

7. The combination of a switch device, an electrically-controlledelement controlled by said switch-device, solenoid devices, meansoperated by said solenoid devices, .respectively, for opening andclosing said switch device, relay devices each formed of resistanceelements of dlfi'erent reslstances, an electrical circuit in which bothresistance elements of one of said relay devices and one of saidsolenoid devices, are interposed, means for closing said circuit, asecond circuit in which one only of the resistance elements of saidlast-referred-to relay devices and said last-referred-to solenoiddevice, are interposed, a third circuit in which the resistance elementsof the other of said relay devices and the other of saidl solenoiddevices, are

' interposed, means for closing said third circuit, afourthLcircuit inwhlch one only of the reslstanceelements of said last-referredto relaydev1ce, and said last-referred-to solenoid device, argl interposed,means co-y operating with said relay devices and operating upon theactuation of the latter, respectively to break said first and thirdcircuits aiid to close said second and fourth circuits, respectively,and a circuit-openingand-closing device actuated in opposite difrections by said solenoid devices and Operating, when actuated by one ofsaid solenoid devices, to break the circuit through the latter and toclose the circuit at this point through the -other of said solenoiddevices preparatory to closing of the circuit througlr said last-namedsolenoid device.

8. The combination of a thermostat having a pair of relatively fixedcontacts, and

a movable contact adapted to alternately engage said fixed contacts, anelectricallycontrolled member, a switch device for controlling theactuations of said member, electrically-controlled mechanisms foropening and closing said switch device, electricallycontrolled switchdevices, an electrical circuit in which one of the fixed contacts ofsaid thermostat, one of said electrically-controlled switch devices, oneof said electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position ofsaid first-named switch device, and a contact of said thermostat, areinterposed, a second circ-uit in which said lastreferredto electricallycontrolled mechanism and a portion only of the resist-ance in saidfirst-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which the otherof the fixed contacts of said thernjlostat, the other of saidelectrically controlledy switch devices, the other of saidelectrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position ofsaidvfirstnamed switch device, and a movable contact of said thermostat,are interposed, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-toelectrically-controlled mechanism controlling said first-named switchdevice and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, areinterposed, and means actuated by the energization of saidelectrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break saidyfirst and third circuits, respectively, thereby breaking the circuitthrough the thermostat, and to close said second and fourth circuits,respectively.

9. The combination of a thermostat having a pair of relatively fixedcontacts, and a movable contact adapted to alternately engage said fixedcontacts, an electrically-controlled member, a switch device forcontrolling the actuations of said member, electrically-controlledmechanisms for opening and closing said switch device,electricallycontrolled switch devices, an electrical circuit in whichone of the fixed contacts of said thermostat, one of saidelectricallycontrolled switchdevices, one of saidelectrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidfirst-named switch device, and a contact of said thermostat, are

interposed, a second circuit in which said last-referred-toelectrically-controlled mechanism and a portion only of the resistancein said first-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in whichthe other of the fixed contacts of said thermostat, the other of saidelectrically-controlled switch devices, the other of saidelectrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidfirstnamed switch device, and a movable contact of said thermostat, areinterposed, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred-toelectrically-controlled mechanism controlling'said first named switchdevice and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit, areinterposed, means actuated by the energization of saidelectrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break saidfirst and third circuits, respectively,

thereby breaking the circuit through theA thermostat and to close saidsecond and fourth circuits, respectively, and means actuated byenergization of said electrically-- controlled mechanisms controllingthe positionof said first-named switch device to break said second andfourth `circuits, respectively.

10. The combination of an electricallycontrolled member, a switch devicefor controlling the actuation of said member, elecf trically-controlledmechanisms for opening and closing said switch device,electricallycontrolled switch devices, an electrical circuit in whichone of said electrically-controlled switch devices and one of saidelectrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidfirst-named switch device are interposed, means for closing saidcircuit, a second circuit in which said lastreferred-toelectrically-controlled mechamsm and a portion only of the resistance inSaid first-named circuit, are interposed, a third circuit in which theother of said electrically-controlled switch devices and the other ofsaid electrically-controlled mechanisms controlling the position of saidfirst-named switch device, yare interposed, means for closing saidlast-named circuit, a fourth circuit in which said last-referred- Atoelectricall -controlled mechanism controlling said rst-named switchdevice and a portion only of the resistance in said first circuit areinterposed, and means actuated by the energization of saidelectrically-controlled switch devices, respectively, to break saidiirst and third circuits, respectively, and to close said second andfourth circuits, respectively, and a circuit-opening-and-closing deviceadapted to control all of said four circuits, said last-named devicebeing actuated alternately by said electrically-controlled mechanismsand operating when one of the latteris actuated to break the circuitthrough the latter and move to a position 1n which the circuit throughwhich the 4other of said electrically-controlled,

mechanisms'is operated, is closed at this point preparatory to theclosing of the lastreferred-to circuit by the operation of the saidcircuit-closing means.

11. The combination of a thermostat having relatively. stationarycontacts and a movable contact adapted to move into and out ofengagement alternately with said stationary contacts, a switch device,an electrically-controlled element controlled bysaid switch device,solenoid devices, means operated by said solenoid devices, respectively,for opening and closing said switch device,' relay devices, each formedof resistance elements .of different resistances,

Y movable contact of said thermostat, are iny terposed, a fourth circuitin which one only of the resistance elements of said last-referred-torelay device and said last-referredto solenoid device, are interposed,means cooperating with said relay devices and operating upon the.actuation of the latter, respectively, cuits, there y breaking thecircuit through said thermostat, and to close said second and fourthcircuits, respectively, and a circuito ening-and-closing device actuatedin opposite directions by said solenoid devices and operating whenactuated, by one of said solen-oid devices, to break the circuit throughthe latter and to close the circuit at this point through the other ofsaid solenoid devices preparatory to the movement ofthe movable contactof the thermostat into engagementl with the stationary contact thereofcoperatin with the said last-referred-to solenoid evice. f

GEORGE I. LEONARD.

to break said first and third cir-

